1 /*
2 * linux/kernel/panic.c
3 *
4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
5 */
6
7 /*
8 * This function is used through-out the kernel (including mm and fs)
9 * to indicate a major problem.
10 */
11 #include <linux/debug_locks.h>
12 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
13 #include <linux/kmsg_dump.h>
14 #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
15 #include <linux/notifier.h>
16 #include <linux/module.h>
17 #include <linux/random.h>
18 #include <linux/reboot.h>
19 #include <linux/delay.h>
20 #include <linux/kexec.h>
21 #include <linux/sched.h>
22 #include <linux/sysrq.h>
23 #include <linux/init.h>
24 #include <linux/nmi.h>
25 #include <linux/dmi.h>
26
27 #define PANIC_TIMER_STEP 100
28 #define PANIC_BLINK_SPD 18
29
30 int panic_on_oops;
31 static unsigned long tainted_mask;
32 static int pause_on_oops;
33 static int pause_on_oops_flag;
34 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(pause_on_oops_lock);
35
36 int panic_timeout;
37 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(panic_timeout);
38
39 ATOMIC_NOTIFIER_HEAD(panic_notifier_list);
40
41 EXPORT_SYMBOL(panic_notifier_list);
42
43 static long no_blink(int state)
44 {
45 return 0;
46 }
47
48 /* Returns how long it waited in ms */
49 long (*panic_blink)(int state);
50 EXPORT_SYMBOL(panic_blink);
51
52 /*
53 * Stop ourself in panic -- architecture code may override this
54 */
55 void __weak panic_smp_self_stop(void)
56 {
57 while (1)
58 cpu_relax();
59 }
60
61 /**
62 * panic - halt the system
63 * @fmt: The text string to print
64 *
65 * Display a message, then perform cleanups.
66 *
67 * This function never returns.
68 */
69 void panic(const char *fmt, ...)
70 {
71 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(panic_lock);
72 static char buf[1024];
73 va_list args;
74 long i, i_next = 0;
75 int state = 0;
76
77 /*
78 * It's possible to come here directly from a panic-assertion and
79 * not have preempt disabled. Some functions called from here want
80 * preempt to be disabled. No point enabling it later though...
81 *
82 * Only one CPU is allowed to execute the panic code from here. For
83 * multiple parallel invocations of panic, all other CPUs either
84 * stop themself or will wait until they are stopped by the 1st CPU
85 * with smp_send_stop().
86 */
87 if (!spin_trylock(&panic_lock))
88 panic_smp_self_stop();
89
90 console_verbose();
91 bust_spinlocks(1);
92 va_start(args, fmt);
93 vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, args);
94 va_end(args);
95 printk(KERN_EMERG "Kernel panic - not syncing: %s\n",buf);
96 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_BUGVERBOSE
97 /*
98 * Avoid nested stack-dumping if a panic occurs during oops processing
99 */
100 if (!test_taint(TAINT_DIE) && oops_in_progress <= 1)
101 dump_stack();
102 #endif
103
104 /*
105 * If we have crashed and we have a crash kernel loaded let it handle
106 * everything else.
107 * Do we want to call this before we try to display a message?
108 */
109 crash_kexec(NULL);
110
111 kmsg_dump(KMSG_DUMP_PANIC);
112
113 /*
114 * Note smp_send_stop is the usual smp shutdown function, which
115 * unfortunately means it may not be hardened to work in a panic
116 * situation.
117 */
118 smp_send_stop();
119
120 atomic_notifier_call_chain(&panic_notifier_list, 0, buf);
121
122 bust_spinlocks(0);
123
124 if (!panic_blink)
125 panic_blink = no_blink;
126
127 if (panic_timeout > 0) {
128 /*
129 * Delay timeout seconds before rebooting the machine.
130 * We can't use the "normal" timers since we just panicked.
131 */
132 printk(KERN_EMERG "Rebooting in %d seconds..", panic_timeout);
133
134 for (i = 0; i < panic_timeout * 1000; i += PANIC_TIMER_STEP) {
135 touch_nmi_watchdog();
136 if (i >= i_next) {
137 i += panic_blink(state ^= 1);
138 i_next = i + 3600 / PANIC_BLINK_SPD;
139 }
140 mdelay(PANIC_TIMER_STEP);
141 }
142 }
143 if (panic_timeout != 0) {
144 /*
145 * This will not be a clean reboot, with everything
146 * shutting down. But if there is a chance of
147 * rebooting the system it will be rebooted.
148 */
149 emergency_restart();
150 }
151 #ifdef __sparc__
152 {
153 extern int stop_a_enabled;
154 /* Make sure the user can actually press Stop-A (L1-A) */
155 stop_a_enabled = 1;
156 printk(KERN_EMERG "Press Stop-A (L1-A) to return to the boot prom\n");
157 }
158 #endif
159 #if defined(CONFIG_S390)
160 {
161 unsigned long caller;
162
163 caller = (unsigned long)__builtin_return_address(0);
164 disabled_wait(caller);
165 }
166 #endif
167 local_irq_enable();
168 for (i = 0; ; i += PANIC_TIMER_STEP) {
169 touch_softlockup_watchdog();
170 if (i >= i_next) {
171 i += panic_blink(state ^= 1);
172 i_next = i + 3600 / PANIC_BLINK_SPD;
173 }
174 mdelay(PANIC_TIMER_STEP);
175 }
176 }
177
178 EXPORT_SYMBOL(panic);
179
180
181 struct tnt {
182 u8 bit;
183 char true;
184 char false;
185 };
186
187 static const struct tnt tnts[] = {
188 { TAINT_PROPRIETARY_MODULE, 'P', 'G' },
189 { TAINT_FORCED_MODULE, 'F', ' ' },
190 { TAINT_UNSAFE_SMP, 'S', ' ' },
191 { TAINT_FORCED_RMMOD, 'R', ' ' },
192 { TAINT_MACHINE_CHECK, 'M', ' ' },
193 { TAINT_BAD_PAGE, 'B', ' ' },
194 { TAINT_USER, 'U', ' ' },
195 { TAINT_DIE, 'D', ' ' },
196 { TAINT_OVERRIDDEN_ACPI_TABLE, 'A', ' ' },
197 { TAINT_WARN, 'W', ' ' },
198 { TAINT_CRAP, 'C', ' ' },
199 { TAINT_FIRMWARE_WORKAROUND, 'I', ' ' },
200 { TAINT_OOT_MODULE, 'O', ' ' },
201 };
202
203 /**
204 * print_tainted - return a string to represent the kernel taint state.
205 *
206 * 'P' - Proprietary module has been loaded.
207 * 'F' - Module has been forcibly loaded.
208 * 'S' - SMP with CPUs not designed for SMP.
209 * 'R' - User forced a module unload.
210 * 'M' - System experienced a machine check exception.
211 * 'B' - System has hit bad_page.
212 * 'U' - Userspace-defined naughtiness.
213 * 'D' - Kernel has oopsed before
214 * 'A' - ACPI table overridden.
215 * 'W' - Taint on warning.
216 * 'C' - modules from drivers/staging are loaded.
217 * 'I' - Working around severe firmware bug.
218 * 'O' - Out-of-tree module has been loaded.
219 *
220 * The string is overwritten by the next call to print_tainted().
221 */
222 const char *print_tainted(void)
223 {
224 static char buf[ARRAY_SIZE(tnts) + sizeof("Tainted: ") + 1];
225
226 if (tainted_mask) {
227 char *s;
228 int i;
229
230 s = buf + sprintf(buf, "Tainted: ");
231 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(tnts); i++) {
232 const struct tnt *t = &tnts[i];
233 *s++ = test_bit(t->bit, &tainted_mask) ?
234 t->true : t->false;
235 }
236 *s = 0;
237 } else
238 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "Not tainted");
239
240 return buf;
241 }
242
243 int test_taint(unsigned flag)
244 {
245 return test_bit(flag, &tainted_mask);
246 }
247 EXPORT_SYMBOL(test_taint);
248
249 unsigned long get_taint(void)
250 {
251 return tainted_mask;
252 }
253
254 void add_taint(unsigned flag)
255 {
256 /*
257 * Can't trust the integrity of the kernel anymore.
258 * We don't call directly debug_locks_off() because the issue
259 * is not necessarily serious enough to set oops_in_progress to 1
260 * Also we want to keep up lockdep for staging/out-of-tree
261 * development and post-warning case.
262 */
263 switch (flag) {
264 case TAINT_CRAP:
265 case TAINT_OOT_MODULE:
266 case TAINT_WARN:
267 case TAINT_FIRMWARE_WORKAROUND:
268 break;
269
270 default:
271 if (__debug_locks_off())
272 printk(KERN_WARNING "Disabling lock debugging due to kernel taint\n");
273 }
274
275 set_bit(flag, &tainted_mask);
276 }
277 EXPORT_SYMBOL(add_taint);
278
279 static void spin_msec(int msecs)
280 {
281 int i;
282
283 for (i = 0; i < msecs; i++) {
284 touch_nmi_watchdog();
285 mdelay(1);
286 }
287 }
288
289 /*
290 * It just happens that oops_enter() and oops_exit() are identically
291 * implemented...
292 */
293 static void do_oops_enter_exit(void)
294 {
295 unsigned long flags;
296 static int spin_counter;
297
298 if (!pause_on_oops)
299 return;
300
301 spin_lock_irqsave(&pause_on_oops_lock, flags);
302 if (pause_on_oops_flag == 0) {
303 /* This CPU may now print the oops message */
304 pause_on_oops_flag = 1;
305 } else {
306 /* We need to stall this CPU */
307 if (!spin_counter) {
308 /* This CPU gets to do the counting */
309 spin_counter = pause_on_oops;
310 do {
311 spin_unlock(&pause_on_oops_lock);
312 spin_msec(MSEC_PER_SEC);
313 spin_lock(&pause_on_oops_lock);
314 } while (--spin_counter);
315 pause_on_oops_flag = 0;
316 } else {
317 /* This CPU waits for a different one */
318 while (spin_counter) {
319 spin_unlock(&pause_on_oops_lock);
320 spin_msec(1);
321 spin_lock(&pause_on_oops_lock);
322 }
323 }
324 }
325 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pause_on_oops_lock, flags);
326 }
327
328 /*
329 * Return true if the calling CPU is allowed to print oops-related info.
330 * This is a bit racy..
331 */
332 int oops_may_print(void)
333 {
334 return pause_on_oops_flag == 0;
335 }
336
337 /*
338 * Called when the architecture enters its oops handler, before it prints
339 * anything. If this is the first CPU to oops, and it's oopsing the first
340 * time then let it proceed.
341 *
342 * This is all enabled by the pause_on_oops kernel boot option. We do all
343 * this to ensure that oopses don't scroll off the screen. It has the
344 * side-effect of preventing later-oopsing CPUs from mucking up the display,
345 * too.
346 *
347 * It turns out that the CPU which is allowed to print ends up pausing for
348 * the right duration, whereas all the other CPUs pause for twice as long:
349 * once in oops_enter(), once in oops_exit().
350 */
351 void oops_enter(void)
352 {
353 tracing_off();
354 /* can't trust the integrity of the kernel anymore: */
355 debug_locks_off();
356 do_oops_enter_exit();
357 }
358
359 /*
360 * 64-bit random ID for oopses:
361 */
362 static u64 oops_id;
363
364 static int init_oops_id(void)
365 {
366 if (!oops_id)
367 get_random_bytes(&oops_id, sizeof(oops_id));
368 else
369 oops_id++;
370
371 return 0;
372 }
373 late_initcall(init_oops_id);
374
375 void print_oops_end_marker(void)
376 {
377 init_oops_id();
378 printk(KERN_WARNING "---[ end trace %016llx ]---\n",
379 (unsigned long long)oops_id);
380 }
381
382 /*
383 * Called when the architecture exits its oops handler, after printing
384 * everything.
385 */
386 void oops_exit(void)
387 {
388 do_oops_enter_exit();
389 print_oops_end_marker();
390 kmsg_dump(KMSG_DUMP_OOPS);
391 }
392
393 #ifdef WANT_WARN_ON_SLOWPATH
394 struct slowpath_args {
395 const char *fmt;
396 va_list args;
397 };
398
399 static void warn_slowpath_common(const char *file, int line, void *caller,
400 unsigned taint, struct slowpath_args *args)
401 {
402 const char *board;
403
404 printk(KERN_WARNING "------------[ cut here ]------------\n");
405 printk(KERN_WARNING "WARNING: at %s:%d %pS()\n", file, line, caller);
406 board = dmi_get_system_info(DMI_PRODUCT_NAME);
407 if (board)
408 printk(KERN_WARNING "Hardware name: %s\n", board);
409
410 if (args)
411 vprintk(args->fmt, args->args);
412
413 print_modules();
414 dump_stack();
415 print_oops_end_marker();
416 add_taint(taint);
417 }
418
419 void warn_slowpath_fmt(const char *file, int line, const char *fmt, ...)
420 {
421 struct slowpath_args args;
422
423 args.fmt = fmt;
424 va_start(args.args, fmt);
425 warn_slowpath_common(file, line, __builtin_return_address(0),
426 TAINT_WARN, &args);
427 va_end(args.args);
428 }
429 EXPORT_SYMBOL(warn_slowpath_fmt);
430
431 void warn_slowpath_fmt_taint(const char *file, int line,
432 unsigned taint, const char *fmt, ...)
433 {
434 struct slowpath_args args;
435
436 args.fmt = fmt;
437 va_start(args.args, fmt);
438 warn_slowpath_common(file, line, __builtin_return_address(0),
439 taint, &args);
440 va_end(args.args);
441 }
442 EXPORT_SYMBOL(warn_slowpath_fmt_taint);
443
444 void warn_slowpath_null(const char *file, int line)
445 {
446 warn_slowpath_common(file, line, __builtin_return_address(0),
447 TAINT_WARN, NULL);
448 }
449 EXPORT_SYMBOL(warn_slowpath_null);
450 #endif
451
452 #ifdef CONFIG_CC_STACKPROTECTOR
453
454 /*
455 * Called when gcc's -fstack-protector feature is used, and
456 * gcc detects corruption of the on-stack canary value
457 */
458 void __stack_chk_fail(void)
459 {
460 panic("stack-protector: Kernel stack is corrupted in: %p\n",
461 __builtin_return_address(0));
462 }
463 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__stack_chk_fail);
464
465 #endif
466
467 core_param(panic, panic_timeout, int, 0644);
468 core_param(pause_on_oops, pause_on_oops, int, 0644);
469
470 static int __init oops_setup(char *s)
471 {
472 if (!s)
473 return -EINVAL;
474 if (!strcmp(s, "panic"))
475 panic_on_oops = 1;
476 return 0;
477 }
478 early_param("oops", oops_setup);
479
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